What is a reverse mortgage?

A reverse mortgage is a special type of home loan that lets a homeowner convert a portion of the equity in his or her home into cash. The equity built up over years of home mortgage payments can be paid to you. But unlike a traditional home equity loan or second mortgage, no repayment is required until the borrower(s) no longer use the home as their principal residence.

A reverse mortgage is a unique loan that enables senior homeowners to convert part of the equity in their homes into tax-free income without having to sell the home, give up title, or take on a new monthly mortgage payment. Reverse mortgages are available to individuals 62 or older who own their home. Funds obtained from the reverse mortgage are tax-free.

Borrowers can choose to receive the reverse mortgage funds as a lump sum, monthly income (for up to life), or line of credit, or as a combination of monthly income and line of credit. No mortgage payments are due during the life of the loan.

Borrowers can use the funds anyway they wish – for home repairs and improvements, medical costs, in-home care, education, and supplemental retirement income. Borrowers make no monthly payments on a reverse mortgage during its term. The loan becomes repayable when the borrower sells the home or permanently moves out. In addition, the repayment amount can't exceed the value of the home.

Reverse mortgages are originated largely by private lenders. The most popular is the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), which is insured by the Federal Housing Administration, an arm of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). More than 450,000 HECMs have been made since 1989.

HUD's Reverse Mortgage is a federally-insured private loan, and it's a safe plan that can give older Americans greater financial security. Many seniors use it to supplement social security, meet unexpected medical expenses, make home improvements, and more.

You can receive free information about reverse mortgages by calling AARP at: 1-800-209-8085, toll-free. Since your home is probably your largest single investment, it's smart to know more about reverse mortgages, and decide if one is right for you!

Economic Stimulus Bill Raises Reverse Mortgage Loan Limit

The Economic Stimulus Bill signed in February, 2009, by President Obama provides even more of America's seniors with the opportunity to benefit from a reverse mortgage. The new bill will raise the HECM loan limits to 150 percent of the Freddie Mac loan limit. Currently, that would create a HECM loan limit of $625,500, helping older Americans access even more of the equity available in their homes to augment retirement incomes or offset investment losses.

According to Golden Gateway Financial, seniors in five states have a self-reported average home value between the most recent HECM loan limit of $417,000 and the new limit of $625,500. Those states include California, Massachusetts, New York, Washington and South Carolina.

Unfortunately, the data also reveals that many states with large populations of seniors have experienced significant self-reported drops in home values over the past year. This means that many seniors who previously stood to benefit from these new limits, can no longer realize the full potential of their home's equity. For example, seniors in Oregon, a relatively stable real estate market, reported a decrease of nearly five percent over the course of 2008 to finish at $410,765 for the fourth quarter - just under the previous loan limit of $417,000.

"It is encouraging that the government is moving quickly to provide seniors with even greater access to the equity that exists in their homes," said Eric Bachman, founder and CEO of Golden Gateway Financial. "But this data shows that falling home values are quickly outrunning new lending limits."

Will I still have an estate that I can leave to my heirs after obtaining a reverse mortgage?

When you sell your home or no longer use it for your primary residence, you or your estate will repay the cash you received from the reverse mortgage, plus interest and other fees, to the lender. The remaining equity in your home, if any, belongs to you or to your heirs. None of your other assets will be affected by HUD's reverse mortgage loan. This debt will never be passed along to the estate or heirs.

Can I apply for a reverse mortgage if I didn't buy my present house with FHA mortgage insurance?

Yes. It doesn't matter if you didn't buy it with an FHA-insured mortgage. Your new HUD reverse mortgage will be a new FHA-insured mortgage loan.

What's the difference between a reverse mortgage and a bank home equity loan?

With a traditional second mortgage, or a home equity line of credit, you must have sufficient income versus debt ratio to qualify for the loan, and you are required to make monthly mortgage payments. The reverse mortgage is different in that it pays you, and is available regardless of your current income. The amount you can borrow depends on your age, the current interest rate, and the appraised value of your home or FHA's mortgage limits for your area, whichever is less. Generally, the more valuable your home is, the older you are, the lower the interest, the more you can borrow. You don't make payments, because the loan is not due as long as the house is your principal residence. Like all homeowners, you still are required to pay your real estate taxes and other conventional payments like utilities, but with an FHA-insured HUD Reverse Mortgage, you cannot be foreclosed or forced to vacate your house because you "missed your mortgage payment."

Should I use an estate planning service to find a reverse mortgage?

I've been contacted by a firm that will give me the name of a lender for a "small percentage" of the loan? HUD does NOT recommend using an estate planning service, or any service that charges a fee just for referring a borrower to a lender! HUD provides this information without cost, and HUD-approved housing counseling agencies are available for free, or at minimal cost, to provide information, counseling, and free referral to a list of HUD-approved lenders. Call 1-800-569-4287, toll-free, for the name and location of a HUD-approved housing counseling agency near you.